
IEEE Communications Letters · 2026
Channel Power Gain Analysis and Orientation Optimization of a Point-to-Point Continuous Aperture Array (CAPA) System
Abstract
Continuous aperture arrays (CAPAs) revolutionize conventional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architectures by modeling the radiating aperture as a continuous current distribution rather than a finite set of discrete elements. These spatially-continuous surfaces enable fine-grained manipulation of electromagnetic (EM) wavefronts to improve communication performance by increasing the channel gain and the available degrees-of-freedom (DoF). In contrast to existing literature that focuses on near-field DoF analysis, we derive a semi-closed-form expression for the near-field channel power gain (CPG) of a point-to-point CAPA-based communications system over the dyadic Green's function based channel, incorporating polarization effects. We show that the expression can dramatically decrease the computational complexity compared to evaluating the original integral-based formula, accelerating CPG-based analysis and optimization. We further use the derived expression to find the optimal orientations of transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) CAPAs under different system geometries. Simulation results validate the accuracy and implementation speed of the derived expression. They further show that the optimal orientation is not always parallel, but varies depending on the relative misalignment and distance between Tx and Rx CAPAs.



